Agreement of Authorship

Nevertheless, situations may arise during this process that may lead to misunderstandings or disputes between perpetrators. When they occur, those who contributed to the project should first discuss disagreements, possibly using contracts or dashboards such as those listed above. Everyone involved in the project must participate openly and professionally in these discussions. Be prepared to explain your contributions in detail and consider the views of your employees. Some staff may not be aware of the actual involvement of other members of the research team, especially if the projects are conducted in multiple institutions or longitudinals. Leonard, L. (2010). Negotiating the authorship of thesis publications: an answer. Qualitative Health Research, 20(5), 723-726. Grobman, L. (2009). The Student Scholar: (Re) Negotiation of paternity and authority.

College Composition and Communication, 61(1), 175-196. Gut, M. A. & Kurdek, L.A. (1993). Considerations for determining author credit and order of paternity for teacher-student cooperation. American psychologist, 48(11), 1141-1147. Here are some additional resources for negotiating paternity: Since paternity negotiations are often an ongoing discussion, efforts can be made during a project to minimize the possibility of developing disagreements and to identify and resolve disagreements together before they escalate. Discussing authorship at regular intervals or at important stages of the project can help minimize the risk of developing disagreement in the subsequent project. Oberlander, S.

E. and Spencer, R. J. (2006). PhD students and the culture of fatherhood. Ethics and Conduct, 16(3), 217-232. Paternity negotiation is a key aspect of conducting your collaborative research. It is important to discuss paternity throughout the project in order to make the negotiation of paternity a dynamic exchange. The discussion on the order of paternity should ideally begin at the beginning of a research project and include a focused dialogue about your contributions and those expected of your employees to the project. Checklists for author negotiations, worksheets, or agreement forms, such as those listed below, can be used to support this endeavor. It is useful for anyone to realize that initial authorship and the order of paternity may change throughout the development of the project to better reflect the real contributions of all researchers.

There are many reasons for a change of author, many of which may be specific to the situation. Amendments should be decided by mutual agreement after taking into account the views of each individual and considering the contributions of each individual. Osborne, J. W. and Holland, A. (2009). What is fatherhood and what should it be? An overview of the main guidelines for determining authorship in scientific publications. Practical Evaluation, Research and Evaluation, 14(15), 1-19. In addition, the order of authors may be revised if the actual contributions of individuals differ significantly from the contributions expected at the beginning of the project. This situation can occur when an author assumes increased responsibilities or delegates part of his responsibility to other authors. Open and fluid communication in this process is essential to the development of a respectful and professional research environment.

As a graduate student, it may seem daunting at first to discuss the roles you want or expect, and your place as a contributing writer in a project. However, this step should be seen as a learning opportunity that contributes to your professional identity as a researcher and scientist. Advisors will generally be happy to discuss paternity and consider these discussions as an important aspect of the mentor-mentee relationship. As psychological research has become increasingly interdisciplinary, it is also important to recognize that other fields may have different author cultures (e.B. the principal investigator may be the first or last author). Therefore, starting the authors` discussions at the beginning of the project will help ensure that all the expectations of the contributors are aligned. Allison Gaffey is the Biopsychology Representative on the APA Science Student Council. She is a PhD student in clinical psychology at the University of Notre Dame.

Help us improve your experience by giving us your feedback on this page. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the views or guidelines of the APA. For science-minded PhD students, research and publishing are essential for both professional development and career advancement. .